Your paper should be five to seven pages long, double-spaced, with one-inch margins in twelve-point font, Times or Times New Roman. Draw specific examples from your readings and lecture to support your argument. This paper is due in sections on Friday, March 3rd. 

Analyze a specific form of hierarchy, for example race, class, or gender, in America from 1607 to 1845. The first five- to seven-page segment of the paper, due on March 3, should cover 1607 through 1750, and the final ten- to twelve-page version, due on April 10, will cover the entire period through 1845. In your paper you might explore how hierarchy changed over time, what conditions made hierarchy possible, and how groups attempted to combat hierarchy and what opposition and constraints they encountered.

All sources in the paper must be properly cited according to the guidelines laid out in The Chicago Manual of Style, which is available on-line.

6 pages

Sources have to be from this list of documents and any knowledge, including class/notes:

• Jack Hitt, “Mighty White of You: Racial Preferences Color America’s Oldest Skulls and Bones,” Harper’s, July 2005, pp. 39-55 on Canvas

• Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 24-37, 51-66 on Canvas
• Documents: Christopher Columbus, The Diario of Christopher Columbus’s First Voyage to America, (1492-1493), on Canvas; Bernal Diaz del Castillo, The Conquest of New Spain, (1632), on Canvas; Mexican Accounts of Conquest from the Florentine Codex, (c. 1547), on Canvas; Bartolomé de Las Casas, The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account, (1542), on Canvas; “Two Views on Columbus Day,” (1991 and 2005) on Canvas

• “Why Were Africans Enslaved?” in David Northrup, ed., The Atlantic Slave Trade, Second Edition (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002), pp. 1-29 on Canvas
• Documents: John Hawkins, “An Alliance to Raid for Slaves” (1568), Willem Bosman, “Trading on the Slave Coast” (1700), Olaudah Equiano, “Kidnapped, Enslaved, and Sold Away” (c. 1756) on Canvas

• Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, The Many Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, and Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Atlantic (Boston: Beacon Press, 2000), pp. 8-35 on Canvas
• Documents: George Peckham, “A True Reporte of the Late Discoveries,” (1583); Richard Hakluyt, the Younger, “Discourse of Western Planting,” (1584); Richard Hakluyt, the Elder, “Inducements to the Liking of the Voyage Intended towards Virginia,” (1585) on Canvas

• Kathleen Brown, “The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier,” in Negotiators of Change Historical Perspectives on Native American Women, ed. Nancy Shoemaker (New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 26-48 on Canvas
• Documents: John Winthrop, “But What Warrant Have We To Take That Land” (1629) (See document collection in “08”); John Smith, “Description of Virginia” on Canvas; Father Paul LeJeune, “Encounter with the Indians” on Canvas

• Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 138-157 on Canvas
• Documents: [Virginia Company], “A True Declaration of the Estate of the Colonie in Virginia,” (1610) (See document collection in “08”); James Revel, “The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon’s Sorrowful Account of His Fourteen Years Transportation at Virginia in America,” (c. 1680) on Canvas; “Servitude and Slavery in 17th-Century Virginia Courts,” (1630-89) on Canvas

• Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 158-186 on Canvas
• Document: Mary Rowlandson, from “The Narrative of Mary Rowlandson” (1682) on Canvas

• Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 222-244 on Canvas
• Document: “The Stono Rebellion in South Carolina” (1739) on Canvas

• Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 246-272 on Canvas
• Document: Gabriel Thomas, “Pennsylvania, The Poor Man’s Paradise” (1698) on Canvas

• Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, “Sailors and Slaves in the Revolution,” in The Social Fabric, ed. Thomas L. Hartshorne (New York: Longman, 2006), pp. 131-49 on Canvas
• Documents: “New Jersey Land Riots” (1746 and 1748) on Canvas; William Livingtons, “The Vanity of Birth and Titles; with the Absurdity of Claiming Respect without Merit” (1753) on Canvas; Paxton Boys, “Manifesto” (1764) on Canvas; North Carolina Regulators, “Shew Yourselves to be Freemen” (1769) on internet; J. Hector St. John Crèvecoeur, “What is an American?” (1770) on Canvas